Athenian Democracy A Democratic System - 1320 Words

During the dawn of the Greek civilization, rulership consisted of one king that rule the entire occupied land. Such system included only family members, tribe members, and wealthy individuals to receive whatever good the empire had to offer. It took many years until new reforms came about in regards of rulership. The Athenian democracy was developed by the efforts of the leaders and philosophers who were encouraged to think and answer the why freely. Although it was called a democratic system, only male citizens had the opportunity to participate. In this essay, I will discuss how the Athenian democratic system was developed, why, and the efforts of the Greek thinkers in developing the Athenian democracy. Additionally, we will have the†¦show more content†¦It was the urge inside them and the sense of obligation toward their city-state. Thus, The Athenian democratic system was developed to created identity, rationalism, and unity within the society. It was mainly the wishes o f the poor people to participate and have an opinion on the things that mattered. Those poor farmers, workers, and the lower-class people supported Cleisthenes and Solon to help to remove the elites from power. By doing so, they had the opportunity to establish a system where the people could participate in the political process. The Greek culture encouraged humanity and rationalism. The Athenian democratic system received much-needed refinement from the Greek leaders and philosophers. Many of which were Draco, who contributed in developing a legal code that all Athenians are equally rich or poor. His code set a harsh judgment for criminals, a death punishment for all crimes. Moreover, he allowed debt slavery. After Draco, Solon made several changes that were in favor of the lower-class society. Many of those changes were; the cancellation of existed land debts, banned human collateral loans, refined the death penalty to murder alone. Solon divided the society into four classes; Pentakosiomedimnoi which consisted of generals, archons, and Areopagus. Hippies, Archons, Areopagus, and Cavalry. Zeugali which is the boule that ran the city and prepared business for assembly. Thetes which consisted ofShow MoreRelatedAthenian Demokratia Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesceased; giving rise to a new democratic constitution under the leadership of Cleisthenes. The changes m ade under his leadership and other subsequent reforms resulted in a relatively radical form of government for the time known as democracy (Hyland Lecture, 26/09/2013). Democracy is a system of collective decision-making in which the participants have equality at least at one essential point of the decision making process (Christiano, â€Å"Democracy†). Furthermore, the term ‘democracy’, which comes from theRead MoreAmerica s Establishment Of Democratization1498 Words   |  6 PagesIn the year 507B.C, Cleisthenes introduced a system that incorporated political reforms and named it demokratia. The new structure imposed a type of governance encompassing a rule by the people (Bury 101). In order to implement the mechanism of the governance, Cleisthenes derived three institutions which constituted the Ekklesia (the governing body), the boule (council of representatives) and the dikasteria (courts which citizens argued out cases). Romans on the other hand are conside red imperialistsRead MoreEssay on Athenian definition of democracy1213 Words   |  5 Pages Discuss the Athenian definition of democracy. Is the city state the only kind of state in which true democracy can exist? What happens to democracy when it is applied to a society with a large dispersed population? What are other examples of democratic societies besides Athens? Compare and contrast Athenian democracy with American democracy. Is the United States a democracy in the classical sense of the word? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The ancient Greek word quot;demokratiaquot; was ambiguousRead MoreAncient Athens : The Birthplace Of Democracy1378 Words   |  6 Pagesthe birthplace of democracy. Nevertheless, in this paper I argue that there are aspects that show that Athenians were not truly democratic because of the restrictions imposed on citizenship such as; age requirement, only males allowed, and the requirement of a birth measure meaning that double descent was required from both an Athenian mother and an Athenian father to be recognized as a citizen regardless of one’s birthplace. It is antithetical to classify the political system of Ancient AthensRead MoreThe Founding Fathers Of The United States1705 Words   |  7 PagesBy definition, democracy is a type of political system in which all members share the same level of power, but it is also the framework for the government of multiple countries including the United States of America. Athenian democracy, created near 400 B.C. in Athens, Greece, was a direct system where participating citizens had the opportunity to vote directly on legislative and executive bills. The founding fathers of the United States took the Athenian’s idea and created the idea of â€Å"representativeRead MoreAthens vs Socrates1521 Words   |  7 PagesAthenian democracy ensures that a citizen in a society acts according to what society deems appropriate rather than by an individuals assumptions of what is acceptable. Athens as a whole stresses the importance of an active citizen whose life is intertwined with the government . In essence, an Athenian citizen can participate in the decision making of the state and will be enthusiastic in carrying out policies that pass in the assembly. Pericles, an Athenian statesman, makes it clear when he saysRead MoreImportance Of The Polis On Ancient Greek Life1608 Words   |  7 PagesMidterm Prompt 1 Discuss the importance of the polis in ancient Greek life, using Athens as an example. Trace the development of democracy in ancient Athens. â€Å"Polis is a term that is used to describe a tight knit small community of Ancient Greek citizens who agreed on certain rules and customs. Usually a polis was centered on a small town and the countryside the surrounded it† (Deering). The polis defined a public and communal space, the Agora, for the purpose of leading public affairs. The affairsRead MoreIdeals of Democratic Citizenship in Funeral Oration by Pericles1264 Words   |  6 PagesIdeals of Democratic Citizenship in Funeral Oration by Pericles When dealing with the extent to which Socrates is a good example for following the ideals of democratic citizenship, a good source to use as a point of comparison to his life is the principles laid out about that citizenship by Pericles in his Funeral Oration. In the Oration, Pericles brought forth certain ideas about Athenian democracy and how its citizens should live their lives in accordance with it. He held these views to beRead MoreThe Democracy Of The Classical Period Of Athens1619 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy, the form of government in which there is a rule by the people, is said to have originated and thrived in the classical period of Athens, from 500-350 B.C.. Democracy inherently gave all that were considered citizens power to participate in politics. That being said, it is highly debated as to how much power the people, also known as the demos, exercised in this democracy. Many practices and informal institutions can be said to have limited the power of the demos. The democracy in AthensRead MoreAncient Greek Of Ancient Greece1582 Words   |  7 Pagespublic and communal space, the Agora, for the purpose of leading public affairs. The affairs of men and affairs were included as these had essentials parts to the entire community’s affairs. The Ancient Greek poleis are among the first recorded democratic governments in the world. The term polis has been translated into city-state as there was typically only one city and because an individual polis was independent from other poleis in terms of political, judicial, legal, religious and social institutions

The Lonely Raindrop Depression - 1891 Words

The Lonely Raindrop Depression is an touchy and continually changing subject. Having depression can be a confusing and frustrating thing to deal with. Becoming depressed and having to seek help can be a stressful and complicated process, that can only further increase his or her’s depression, however depression is a terrible, but common mental illness, that can be treated and maintained with the help of others. â€Å"Depression is a mood that goes well beyond temporarily feeling sad or blue† (Duckworth 1). Depression is when one feels out of character, by different kinds of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, self doubt, and guilt. Usually a person feels more depressed at a time of grievance, like the loss of a loved one, or having a bad†¦show more content†¦Depression affects everyone, differently, causing people to react in their own way. Depression can effect men, woman, teens, and children. Each type having their own ways of dealing with depression, an d each having different symptoms. Even within each person, unique outcomes occur from depression. â€Å"About 11 percent of adolescents have a depressive disorder by age 18 according to the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)† (Depression in Children and Adolescents 1). Their are many reasons that contribute to a teen becoming depressed. The most naturally occurring one would be the changes in their body. Since most teens are still going through puberty, they have that â€Å"awkward stage† that can contribute to a lack of social skill. When a teenager does not fit in with the crowd, and/or left out, it can contribute to their thinking that they do not matter and that no one cares about them. Another huge factor that can lead to depression in teens, is the lack of support at home. While a teen is at home they are usually expected to act a certain way, and if they go agains the norms at home they are punished. Some families dismiss any idea of depression in their children. If for example a teen has been suffering through the obvious symptoms of depression, and they are given a hard time at home,Show MoreRelatedLife Is A Glorious Gift928 Words   |  4 PagesBeckett Caverly, a quiet and lonely child. It was cold, foggy morning when I first met Beckett. Hearing a knock on my door, I quickly rushed to open it and saw a small brown-haired child in hand with a stern old lady. The lady pushed Beckett through the door and quickly walked out of the practice. Beckett slowly and quietly crept past the chairs and the desk, heading straight to the window. I walked up to him and introduced myself, but never once did his gaze move off raindrops. I slowly pulled him awayRead MoreThe Sound Of Silence By Simon And Garfunkel1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthat artist gives off. With Simon and Garfunkel giving off more of a upbeat and funky mood that makes the song seem to have good feelings attached to it. Then Disturbed gives off more of a dark and foreboding mood that leaves the listener feeling lonely. Then Touch of Glass in my opinion gives off a more country and western mood that shows hardship in life. Simon and Garfunkel is trying to show silence and darkness as more of a friend that you are glad to see and to show that silence is not a badRead MoreAn Analysis of â€Å"Cat in the Rain† by Ernest Hemingway1924 Words   |  8 PagesSynopsis The short story Cat in the Rain was written in the 1920’s. It is about an American couple who spends their holidays in an Italian hotel. It is a rainy day and the American woman sees a cat in the rain, which she wants to protect from the raindrops. When she goes out of the hotel, which is kept by an old Italian (who seems to do everything to please the woman), and wants to get the cat, it is gone. Upon returning to the hotel room, she starts a conversation with her husband George, who hasRead MoreThomas Hardys Tess of the Durbervilles Essay2148 Words   |  9 Pagesas the cornrows are reaped and the harvesters kill every one of them. This is symbolic of Tesss own situations as she is being separated little by little from family and friends and from her childhood innocence. She now feels very lonely. Her baby, Sorrow, dies. In an attempt to a new beginning in life. Tess decides to move away from Marlott to Talbothays Dairy, where know one will know of her past. She has recovered fro her recent tragic experiences, she is a lot

History of the computer Essay Example For Students

History of the computer Essay Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical Calculations even an adding machine, an abacus, or a slide rule. Currently, however, the term usually refers to an electronic device that can use a list of instructions, called a program, to perform calculations or to store, manipulate, and retrieve information. Todays computers are marvels of miniaturization. Machines that once weighed 30 tons and occupied warehouse-size rooms now may weigh as little as three pounds (1. lograms) and can be carried in a suit pocket. The heart of todays computers are integrated circuits (ICs), sometimes called microchips, or simply chips. These tiny silicon wafers can contain millions of microscopic electronic components and are designed for many specific operations: some control an entire computer (CPU, or central processing unit, chips); some perform millions of mathematical operations per second (math oprocessors); others can store more than 16 million characters of information at one time (memory chips). In 1953 there were only about 100 computers in use in the entire world. Today hundreds of millions of computers form the core of electronic products, and more than 110 million programmable computers are being used in homes, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable purpose. Computers come in many sizes and shapes. Special-purpose, or dedicated, computers are designed to perform specific tasks. Their operations are limited to the programs built into their microchips. These computers are the basis for electronic calculators and can be found in thousands of other electronic products, including digital watches (controlling timing, alarms, and displays), cameras (monitoring shutter speeds and aperture settings), and automobiles (controlling fuel injection, heating, and air conditioning and monitoring hundreds of electronic sensors). General-purpose computers, such as personal computers and business computers, are much more versatile because they can accept new sets of instructions. Each new set of instructions, or program, nables the same computer to perform a different type of operation. For example, one program lets the computer act like a word processor, another lets it manage inventories, and yet another transforms it into a video game. Although some general-purpose computers are as small as pocket radios, the smallest class of fully functional, self-contained computers is the class called notebook computers. These usually consist of a CPU, data-storage devices called disk drives, a liquid-crystal display (LCD), and a full-size keyboardall housed in a single unit small enough to fit into a briefcase. Todays desktop personal computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million-dollar business computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 16 to 66 million operations per second, and some can even perform more than 100 million. These computers are used not only for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most of the automated tasks required by small businesses, including word processing, generating mailing lists, tracking inventory, and calculating accounting information. Minicomputers are fast computers that have greater datamanipulating capabilities than personal computers and can be used simultaneously by many people. These machines are primarily used by larger businesses to handle extensive accounting, billing, and inventory records. Mainframes are large, extremely fast, multi-user computers that often contain complex arrays of processors, each designed to perform a specific function. Because they can handle huge databases, can simultaneously accommodate scores of users, and can perform complex mathematical operations, they are the mainstay of industry, research, and university computing centers. The speed and power of supercomputers, the fastest class of computer, are almost beyond human comprehension, and their capabilities are continually being improved. The most sophisticated of these machines can perform nearly 32 billion calculations per second, can store a billion characters in memory at one time, and can do in one hour what a desktop computer would take 40 years to do. Supercomputers attain these speeds through the use of several advanced engineering techniques. For example, critical circuitry is supercooled to nearly absolute zero so that electrons can move at the peed of light, and many processors are linked in such a way that they can all work on a single problem simultaneously. Because these computers can cost millions of dollars, they are used primarily by government agencies and large research centers. Computer development is rapidly progressing at both the high and the low ends of the computing spectrum. On the high end, by linking together networks of several small computers and programming them to use a language called Linda, scientists have been able to outperform the supercomputer. This technology is called parallel processing and helps avoid hours of idle computer time. A goal of this technology is the creation of a machine that could perform a trillion calculations per second, a measure known as a teraflop. On the other end of the spectrum, companies like Apple and Compaq are developing small, handheld personal digital assistants (PDAs). The Apple Newton, for example, lets people use a pen to input handwritten information through a touch-sensitive screen and to send mail and faxes to other computers. Researchers are currently developing microchips called digital signal rocessors, or DSPs, to enable these PDAs to recognize and interpret human speech. This development, which will permit people in all professions to use a computer quickly and easily, promises to lead to a revolution in the way humans communicate and transfer information. Communication. Computers make all modern communication possible. They operate telephone switching systems, coordinate satellite launches and operations, help generate special effects for movies, and control the equipment in all phases of television and radio broadcasts. Local-area networks (LANs) link the computers in separate departments of businesses or universities, and larger networks, such as the Internet, permit modemstelecommunication devices that transmit data through telephone linesto link individual computers to other computers anywhere in the world. Journalists and writers now use word processors to write books and articles, which they then submit to publishers on magnetic disks or through telephone lines. The data may then be sent directly to computer-controlled typesetters, some of which actually design the layout of printed pages on computer screens. Science and research. Computers are used by scientists and researchers in many ways to collect, store, manipulate, and analyze data. Running simulations is one of the most important applications. Data representing a real-life system is entered into the computer, and the computer manipulates the data in order to show how the natural system is likely to behave under a variety of conditions. In this way scientists can test new theories and designs or can examine a problem that does not lend itself to direct experimentation. Computer-aided design, or CAD, programs enable engineers and architects to design three-dimensional models on a computer screen. Chemists may use computer simulation to design and test molecular models of new drugs. Some simulation programs can generate models of weather conditions to help meteorologists make predictions. Flight simulators are valuable training tools for pilots. Industry. Computers have opened a new era in manufacturing and consumer-product development. In the factory, computer-assisted manufacturing, or CAM, programs help people plan complex production schedules, keep track of inventories and accounts, run automated assembly lines, and control robots. Dedicated computers are routinely used in thousands of products ranging from calculators to airplanes. Government. Government agencies are the largest users of mainframes and supercomputers. The United States Department of Defense uses computers for hundreds of tasks, including research, breaking codes, interpreting data from spy satellites, and targeting missiles. The Internal Revenue Service uses computers to keep track of tens of millions of tax returns. Computers are also essential for taking the census, maintaining criminal records, and other tasks. Education. Computers have proved to be valuable educational tools. Computer-assisted instruction, or CAI, uses computerized lessons that range from simple drills and practice sessions to complex interactive tutorials. These programs have become essential teaching tools in medical schools and military training centers, where the topics are complex and the cost of human teachers is extremely high. Educational aids, such as some encyclopedias and other major reference works, are available to personal-computer userseither on magnetic disks or optical discs or through various Telecommunication networks. Arts and Entertainment. Video games are one of the most popular applications of personal computers. The constantly improving graphics and sound capabilities of personal computers have made them popular tools for artists and musicians. Personal computers can display millions of colors, can produce images far clearer than those of a television set, and can connect to various musical instruments and synthesizers. Painting and drawing programs enable artists to create realistic images and animated displays much more easily than they could with more traditional tools. Native Americans and Aztecs EssayMagnetic-tape storage devices are usually used together with hard disk drives on large computer systems that handle high volumes of onstantly changing data. The tape drives, which access data very slowly, regularly back up, or duplicate, the data in the hard disk drives to protect the system against loss of data during power failures or computer malfunctions. magnetic-drum memories store data in the form of magnetized spots in adjacent circular tracks on the surface of a rotating metal cylinder. They are relatively slow and are rarely used today. Optical discs are nonmagnetic auxiliary storage devices that developed from compact-audio-disc technology. Data is encoded on a disc as a series of pits and flat spaces, called lands, the lengths of which correspond to different patterns of 0s and 1s. One removable 43/4-inch (12-centimeter) disc contains a spiral track more than 3 miles (4. 8 kilometers) long, on which can be stored nearly a billion bytes (gigabyte) of information. All of the text in this encyclopedia, for example, would fill only one fifth of one disc. Read-only optical discs, whose data can be read but not changed, are called CD- ROMs Recordable CD-ROM drives, called WORM (write-once/read-many) drives, are used by many businesses and universities to periodically back up changing databases and to conveniently distribute massive amounts of information to customers or users. Output devices let the user see the results of the computers data processing. The most common output device is the video display terminal (VDT), or monitor, which uses a cathode-ray tube (CRT) to display characters and graphics on a television-like screen. Modems (modulator-demodulators) are input-output devices that allow computers to transfer data between each other. A modem on one computer translates digital pulses into analog signals (sound) and then transmits the signals through a telephone line or a communication network to another computer. A modem on the computer at the other end of the line reverses the process. Printers generate hard copya printed version of information stored in one of the computers memory systems. The three principal types of printers are daisy-wheel, dot-matrix, and laser. Other types of printers include ink-jet printers and thermal printers. A computers operating system is the software that allows all of the dissimilar hardware and software systems to work together. It is often stored in a computers ROM memory. An operating system consists of programs and routines that coordinate operations and processes, translate the data from different input and output devices, regulate data storage in memory, allocate tasks to different processors, and provide functions that help programmers write software. Computers that use disk memory-storage systems are said to have disk operating systems (DOS). MS-DOS is the most popular microcomputer operating system. UNIX, a powerful operating system for larger computers, allows many users and many different programs to gain access to a computers processor at the same time. Visual operating systems called GUIs (graphical user interfaces) were designed to be easy to use, yet to give UNIX-like power and flexibility to home and small-business users. Future operating systems will enable users to control all aspects of the computers hardware and software simply by moving and manipulating their corresponding objects, or graphical icons displayed on the screen. Sometimes programs other than the operating system are built into the hardware, as is the case in dedicated computers or ROM chips. Most often, however, programs exist independently of the computer. When such software is loaded into a general-purpose computer, it automatically programs the computer to perform a specific tasksuch as word processing, managing accounts and inventories, or displaying an arcade game. By the mid-1970s, microchips and microprocessors had drastically reduced the cost of the thousands of electronic components required in a computer. The first affordable desktop computer designed specifically for personal use was called the Altair 8800 and was sold by Micro Telemetry Systems in 1974. In 1977 Tandy Corporation became the first major electronics firm to produce a personal computer. They added a keyboard and CRT to their computer and offered a means of storing programs on a cassette recorder. Soon afterward, a small company named Apple Computer, founded by engineer Stephen Wozniak and entrepreneur Steven Jobs, began producing a superior computer. IBM introduced its Personal Computer, or PC, in 1981. As a result of competition from the makers of clones (computers that worked exactly like an IBM-PC), the price of personal computers fell drastically. Todays personal computer is 400 times faster than ENIAC, 3,000 times lighter, and several million dollars cheaper. In rapid succession computers have shrunk from tabletop to lap-top and finally to palm size. With some personal computers, called pen-pads, people can even write directly on an etched-glass, liquid-crystal screen using a small electronic stylus , and words will appear on the screen in clean typescript. In the early 1990s, manufacturers began producing inexpensive CD-ROM drives that could access more than 650 megabytes of data form a single disc. This development started a multimedia revolution that may continue for decades. The term multimedia encompasses the computers ability to merge sounds, video, text, music, animations, charts, maps, etc. into colorful, interactive presentations, a business advertising campaign, or even a space-war arcade game. Faster computers and the rapid proliferation of multimedia programs will probably forever change the way people get information. The computers ability to instantly retrieve a tiny piece of information from the midst of a huge mass of data has always been one of its most important uses. Since video and audio clips can be stored alongside text on a single CD-ROM disc, a whole new way of exploring a subject is possible . By using hyperlinksa programming method by which related terms, articles, pictures, and sounds are internally hooked togethermaterial can be presented to people so that they can peruse it in a typically human manner, by association. For example, if you are reading about Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address and you want to read about the battle of Gettysburg, you need only click on the highlighted hyperlink battle of Gettysburg. Instantly, the appropriate text, photos, and maps appear on the monitor. Pennsylvania is another click away, and so on. Encyclopedias, almanacs, collections of reference books, interactive games using movie footage, educational programs, and even motion pictures with accompanying screenplay, actor biographies, directors notes, and reviews make multimedia one of the computer worlds most exciting and creative fields. A computer network is the interconnection of many individual computers, much as a road is the link between the homes and the buildings of a city. Having many separate computers linked on a network provides many advantages to organizations such as businesses and universities. People may quickly and easily share files; modify databases; send memos called E-mail, or electronic mail; run programs on remote mainframes; and get access to information in databases that are too massive to fit on a small computers hard drive. Networks provide an essential tool for the routing, managing, and storing of huge amounts of rapidly changing data. The Internet is a network of networks: the international linking of tens of thousands of businesses, universities, and research organizations with millions of individual users. It is what United States President Al Gore first publicly referred to as the information superhighway. What is now known as the Internet was originally formed in 1970 as a military network called ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency network) as part of the Department of Defense. The network opened to non-military users in the 1970s, when universities and companies doing defense-related research were given access, and flourished in the late 1980s as most universities and many businesses around the world online. In 1993, when commercial providers were first permitted to sell Internet connections to individuals, usage of the network exploded. Millions of new users came on within months, and a new era of computer communications began. Most networks on the Internet make certain files available to other. These common files can be databases, programs, or E-mail from the individuals on the network. With hundreds of thousands of international sites each providing thousands of pieces of data, its easy to imagine the mass of raw data available to users. The Internet is by no means the only way in which computer users can communicate with others. Several commercial online services provide connections to members who pay a monthly connect-time fee. CompuServe, America OnLine, Prodigy, Genie, and several others provide a tremendous range of information and services, including online conferencing, electronic mail transfer, program downloading, current weather and stock market information, travel and entertainment information, access to encyclopedias and other reference works, and electronic forums for specific users groups such as PC us

Anthropological Accounts of Leadership

Question: How should the leader deal with the situation? Answer: The leader of your client organization has observed a lack of flexibility and a slow decision-making process in many of the departments. He believes that he is not serving his customers well, and has decided to move to a team environment and to push many of the decisions to the lowest possible levels. In other words, he wants to create a team-based, empowered organization. Several of his best managers are resisting the idea strongly. They not only feel that many employees are not ready for the change, but they also believe that they personally could never change from a "command and control" style to allowing more participation. According to the given situation been stated there was a lack in the decision making system policy of the organization as a whole. He was not been able to serve his customers well. He suggested to move the management system to a team oriented business strongly but to which many of the employees had opposed because they felt that they are not ready for such a change and also they felt that this sort of change was very commanding. The leader should deal with this kind of situation very tactfully. He should go for developing his own leadership styles so that the employees can be able to work and exist in the various work environments and can also adjust accordingly. The culture and goals of an organization determine which leadership style fits the firm best. Some companies offer several leadership styles within the organization, dependent upon the necessary tasks to complete and departmental needs. There are mainly five types of leadership styles which a leader may choose according to the type of the organization and then this can help in taking and managing the decisions of a company as a whole (Edwards, 2014). Here the leader had chosen laissez faire style of leadership which means that the entire system did lack from direct supervision of the employees and also the system had mainly failed to provide with regular feedback to the employees who were in need of supervision and guidance from their leaders. It is not mandatory that all the employees will fall under this style of leadership style but still there are few employees as well. It is the responsibility of the leader to strictly follow up for those employees. This style of leadership hinders production of employees that need strict supervision. The laissez faire style needs no leadership or supervision efforts from their managers or the senior level people as well (He, 2013). This leads to poor production, lack of control as well as the increasing costs associated with it. The leader is been suggested to follow autocratic type of leadership that will allow the managers to make self-decisions alone without taking any such input from others as well. Here in this type the managers possess total authority and also impose their will on the employees as well. No one is able to challenge the decisions of the managers that have been taken. This style of leadership also requires close attention as well as supervision. The creative employees who are able to thrive in group functions detest this type of leadership style (Parker Welch, 2013). As an effective leader he must persuade his managers by involving the transformational type of leadership to its employees. The transformational leadership style depends on high levels of communication from management to meet goals. Leaders motivate employees and enhance productivity and efficiency through communication and high visibility. This style of leadership requires the involvement of management to meet goals. Leaders focus on the big picture within an organization and delegate smaller tasks to the team to accomplish goals (Zhu, Newman, Miao Hooke, 2013). References Edwards, G. (2014). Anthropological accounts of leadership: Historical and geographical interpretations from indigenous cultures.Leadership. doi:10.1177/1742715014536920 He, H. (2013). Participative Leadership and Follower Creativity: Do Different Types of Trust Play Different Roles?.Academy Of Management Proceedings,2013(1), 12324-12324. doi:10.5465/ambpp.2013.12324abstract Parker, M., Welch, E. (2013). Professional networks, science ability, and gender determinants of three types of leadership in academic science and engineering.The Leadership Quarterly,24(2), 332-348. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.01.001 Raelin, J. (2014). Imagine there are no leaders: Reframing leadership as collaborative agency.Leadership. doi:10.1177/1742715014558076 The 13th international studying leadership conference (ISLC). (2014).Leadership,10(2), 261-262. doi:10.1177/1742715014529687 Zhu, W., Newman, A., Miao, Q., Hooke, A. (2013). Revisiting the mediating role of trust in transformational leadership effects: Do different types of trust make a difference?.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 94-105. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.08.004