Athenian Democracy A Democratic System - 1320 Words

During the dawn of the Greek civilization, rulership consisted of one king that rule the entire occupied land. Such system included only family members, tribe members, and wealthy individuals to receive whatever good the empire had to offer. It took many years until new reforms came about in regards of rulership. The Athenian democracy was developed by the efforts of the leaders and philosophers who were encouraged to think and answer the why freely. Although it was called a democratic system, only male citizens had the opportunity to participate. In this essay, I will discuss how the Athenian democratic system was developed, why, and the efforts of the Greek thinkers in developing the Athenian democracy. Additionally, we will have the†¦show more content†¦It was the urge inside them and the sense of obligation toward their city-state. Thus, The Athenian democratic system was developed to created identity, rationalism, and unity within the society. It was mainly the wishes o f the poor people to participate and have an opinion on the things that mattered. Those poor farmers, workers, and the lower-class people supported Cleisthenes and Solon to help to remove the elites from power. By doing so, they had the opportunity to establish a system where the people could participate in the political process. The Greek culture encouraged humanity and rationalism. The Athenian democratic system received much-needed refinement from the Greek leaders and philosophers. Many of which were Draco, who contributed in developing a legal code that all Athenians are equally rich or poor. His code set a harsh judgment for criminals, a death punishment for all crimes. Moreover, he allowed debt slavery. After Draco, Solon made several changes that were in favor of the lower-class society. Many of those changes were; the cancellation of existed land debts, banned human collateral loans, refined the death penalty to murder alone. Solon divided the society into four classes; Pentakosiomedimnoi which consisted of generals, archons, and Areopagus. Hippies, Archons, Areopagus, and Cavalry. Zeugali which is the boule that ran the city and prepared business for assembly. Thetes which consisted ofShow MoreRelatedAthenian Demokratia Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesceased; giving rise to a new democratic constitution under the leadership of Cleisthenes. The changes m ade under his leadership and other subsequent reforms resulted in a relatively radical form of government for the time known as democracy (Hyland Lecture, 26/09/2013). Democracy is a system of collective decision-making in which the participants have equality at least at one essential point of the decision making process (Christiano, â€Å"Democracy†). Furthermore, the term ‘democracy’, which comes from theRead MoreAmerica s Establishment Of Democratization1498 Words   |  6 PagesIn the year 507B.C, Cleisthenes introduced a system that incorporated political reforms and named it demokratia. The new structure imposed a type of governance encompassing a rule by the people (Bury 101). In order to implement the mechanism of the governance, Cleisthenes derived three institutions which constituted the Ekklesia (the governing body), the boule (council of representatives) and the dikasteria (courts which citizens argued out cases). Romans on the other hand are conside red imperialistsRead MoreEssay on Athenian definition of democracy1213 Words   |  5 Pages Discuss the Athenian definition of democracy. Is the city state the only kind of state in which true democracy can exist? What happens to democracy when it is applied to a society with a large dispersed population? What are other examples of democratic societies besides Athens? Compare and contrast Athenian democracy with American democracy. Is the United States a democracy in the classical sense of the word? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The ancient Greek word quot;demokratiaquot; was ambiguousRead MoreAncient Athens : The Birthplace Of Democracy1378 Words   |  6 Pagesthe birthplace of democracy. Nevertheless, in this paper I argue that there are aspects that show that Athenians were not truly democratic because of the restrictions imposed on citizenship such as; age requirement, only males allowed, and the requirement of a birth measure meaning that double descent was required from both an Athenian mother and an Athenian father to be recognized as a citizen regardless of one’s birthplace. It is antithetical to classify the political system of Ancient AthensRead MoreThe Founding Fathers Of The United States1705 Words   |  7 PagesBy definition, democracy is a type of political system in which all members share the same level of power, but it is also the framework for the government of multiple countries including the United States of America. Athenian democracy, created near 400 B.C. in Athens, Greece, was a direct system where participating citizens had the opportunity to vote directly on legislative and executive bills. The founding fathers of the United States took the Athenian’s idea and created the idea of â€Å"representativeRead MoreAthens vs Socrates1521 Words   |  7 PagesAthenian democracy ensures that a citizen in a society acts according to what society deems appropriate rather than by an individuals assumptions of what is acceptable. Athens as a whole stresses the importance of an active citizen whose life is intertwined with the government . In essence, an Athenian citizen can participate in the decision making of the state and will be enthusiastic in carrying out policies that pass in the assembly. Pericles, an Athenian statesman, makes it clear when he saysRead MoreImportance Of The Polis On Ancient Greek Life1608 Words   |  7 PagesMidterm Prompt 1 Discuss the importance of the polis in ancient Greek life, using Athens as an example. Trace the development of democracy in ancient Athens. â€Å"Polis is a term that is used to describe a tight knit small community of Ancient Greek citizens who agreed on certain rules and customs. Usually a polis was centered on a small town and the countryside the surrounded it† (Deering). The polis defined a public and communal space, the Agora, for the purpose of leading public affairs. The affairsRead MoreIdeals of Democratic Citizenship in Funeral Oration by Pericles1264 Words   |  6 PagesIdeals of Democratic Citizenship in Funeral Oration by Pericles When dealing with the extent to which Socrates is a good example for following the ideals of democratic citizenship, a good source to use as a point of comparison to his life is the principles laid out about that citizenship by Pericles in his Funeral Oration. In the Oration, Pericles brought forth certain ideas about Athenian democracy and how its citizens should live their lives in accordance with it. He held these views to beRead MoreThe Democracy Of The Classical Period Of Athens1619 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy, the form of government in which there is a rule by the people, is said to have originated and thrived in the classical period of Athens, from 500-350 B.C.. Democracy inherently gave all that were considered citizens power to participate in politics. That being said, it is highly debated as to how much power the people, also known as the demos, exercised in this democracy. Many practices and informal institutions can be said to have limited the power of the demos. The democracy in AthensRead MoreAncient Greek Of Ancient Greece1582 Words   |  7 Pagespublic and communal space, the Agora, for the purpose of leading public affairs. The affairs of men and affairs were included as these had essentials parts to the entire community’s affairs. The Ancient Greek poleis are among the first recorded democratic governments in the world. The term polis has been translated into city-state as there was typically only one city and because an individual polis was independent from other poleis in terms of political, judicial, legal, religious and social institutions

The Lonely Raindrop Depression - 1891 Words

The Lonely Raindrop Depression is an touchy and continually changing subject. Having depression can be a confusing and frustrating thing to deal with. Becoming depressed and having to seek help can be a stressful and complicated process, that can only further increase his or her’s depression, however depression is a terrible, but common mental illness, that can be treated and maintained with the help of others. â€Å"Depression is a mood that goes well beyond temporarily feeling sad or blue† (Duckworth 1). Depression is when one feels out of character, by different kinds of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, self doubt, and guilt. Usually a person feels more depressed at a time of grievance, like the loss of a loved one, or having a bad†¦show more content†¦Depression affects everyone, differently, causing people to react in their own way. Depression can effect men, woman, teens, and children. Each type having their own ways of dealing with depression, an d each having different symptoms. Even within each person, unique outcomes occur from depression. â€Å"About 11 percent of adolescents have a depressive disorder by age 18 according to the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)† (Depression in Children and Adolescents 1). Their are many reasons that contribute to a teen becoming depressed. The most naturally occurring one would be the changes in their body. Since most teens are still going through puberty, they have that â€Å"awkward stage† that can contribute to a lack of social skill. When a teenager does not fit in with the crowd, and/or left out, it can contribute to their thinking that they do not matter and that no one cares about them. Another huge factor that can lead to depression in teens, is the lack of support at home. While a teen is at home they are usually expected to act a certain way, and if they go agains the norms at home they are punished. Some families dismiss any idea of depression in their children. If for example a teen has been suffering through the obvious symptoms of depression, and they are given a hard time at home,Show MoreRelatedLife Is A Glorious Gift928 Words   |  4 PagesBeckett Caverly, a quiet and lonely child. It was cold, foggy morning when I first met Beckett. Hearing a knock on my door, I quickly rushed to open it and saw a small brown-haired child in hand with a stern old lady. The lady pushed Beckett through the door and quickly walked out of the practice. Beckett slowly and quietly crept past the chairs and the desk, heading straight to the window. I walked up to him and introduced myself, but never once did his gaze move off raindrops. I slowly pulled him awayRead MoreThe Sound Of Silence By Simon And Garfunkel1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthat artist gives off. With Simon and Garfunkel giving off more of a upbeat and funky mood that makes the song seem to have good feelings attached to it. Then Disturbed gives off more of a dark and foreboding mood that leaves the listener feeling lonely. Then Touch of Glass in my opinion gives off a more country and western mood that shows hardship in life. Simon and Garfunkel is trying to show silence and darkness as more of a friend that you are glad to see and to show that silence is not a badRead MoreAn Analysis of â€Å"Cat in the Rain† by Ernest Hemingway1924 Words   |  8 PagesSynopsis The short story Cat in the Rain was written in the 1920’s. It is about an American couple who spends their holidays in an Italian hotel. It is a rainy day and the American woman sees a cat in the rain, which she wants to protect from the raindrops. When she goes out of the hotel, which is kept by an old Italian (who seems to do everything to please the woman), and wants to get the cat, it is gone. Upon returning to the hotel room, she starts a conversation with her husband George, who hasRead MoreThomas Hardys Tess of the Durbervilles Essay2148 Words   |  9 Pagesas the cornrows are reaped and the harvesters kill every one of them. This is symbolic of Tesss own situations as she is being separated little by little from family and friends and from her childhood innocence. She now feels very lonely. Her baby, Sorrow, dies. In an attempt to a new beginning in life. Tess decides to move away from Marlott to Talbothays Dairy, where know one will know of her past. She has recovered fro her recent tragic experiences, she is a lot

History of the computer Essay Example For Students

History of the computer Essay Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical Calculations even an adding machine, an abacus, or a slide rule. Currently, however, the term usually refers to an electronic device that can use a list of instructions, called a program, to perform calculations or to store, manipulate, and retrieve information. Todays computers are marvels of miniaturization. Machines that once weighed 30 tons and occupied warehouse-size rooms now may weigh as little as three pounds (1. lograms) and can be carried in a suit pocket. The heart of todays computers are integrated circuits (ICs), sometimes called microchips, or simply chips. These tiny silicon wafers can contain millions of microscopic electronic components and are designed for many specific operations: some control an entire computer (CPU, or central processing unit, chips); some perform millions of mathematical operations per second (math oprocessors); others can store more than 16 million characters of information at one time (memory chips). In 1953 there were only about 100 computers in use in the entire world. Today hundreds of millions of computers form the core of electronic products, and more than 110 million programmable computers are being used in homes, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable purpose. Computers come in many sizes and shapes. Special-purpose, or dedicated, computers are designed to perform specific tasks. Their operations are limited to the programs built into their microchips. These computers are the basis for electronic calculators and can be found in thousands of other electronic products, including digital watches (controlling timing, alarms, and displays), cameras (monitoring shutter speeds and aperture settings), and automobiles (controlling fuel injection, heating, and air conditioning and monitoring hundreds of electronic sensors). General-purpose computers, such as personal computers and business computers, are much more versatile because they can accept new sets of instructions. Each new set of instructions, or program, nables the same computer to perform a different type of operation. For example, one program lets the computer act like a word processor, another lets it manage inventories, and yet another transforms it into a video game. Although some general-purpose computers are as small as pocket radios, the smallest class of fully functional, self-contained computers is the class called notebook computers. These usually consist of a CPU, data-storage devices called disk drives, a liquid-crystal display (LCD), and a full-size keyboardall housed in a single unit small enough to fit into a briefcase. Todays desktop personal computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million-dollar business computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 16 to 66 million operations per second, and some can even perform more than 100 million. These computers are used not only for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most of the automated tasks required by small businesses, including word processing, generating mailing lists, tracking inventory, and calculating accounting information. Minicomputers are fast computers that have greater datamanipulating capabilities than personal computers and can be used simultaneously by many people. These machines are primarily used by larger businesses to handle extensive accounting, billing, and inventory records. Mainframes are large, extremely fast, multi-user computers that often contain complex arrays of processors, each designed to perform a specific function. Because they can handle huge databases, can simultaneously accommodate scores of users, and can perform complex mathematical operations, they are the mainstay of industry, research, and university computing centers. The speed and power of supercomputers, the fastest class of computer, are almost beyond human comprehension, and their capabilities are continually being improved. The most sophisticated of these machines can perform nearly 32 billion calculations per second, can store a billion characters in memory at one time, and can do in one hour what a desktop computer would take 40 years to do. Supercomputers attain these speeds through the use of several advanced engineering techniques. For example, critical circuitry is supercooled to nearly absolute zero so that electrons can move at the peed of light, and many processors are linked in such a way that they can all work on a single problem simultaneously. Because these computers can cost millions of dollars, they are used primarily by government agencies and large research centers. Computer development is rapidly progressing at both the high and the low ends of the computing spectrum. On the high end, by linking together networks of several small computers and programming them to use a language called Linda, scientists have been able to outperform the supercomputer. This technology is called parallel processing and helps avoid hours of idle computer time. A goal of this technology is the creation of a machine that could perform a trillion calculations per second, a measure known as a teraflop. On the other end of the spectrum, companies like Apple and Compaq are developing small, handheld personal digital assistants (PDAs). The Apple Newton, for example, lets people use a pen to input handwritten information through a touch-sensitive screen and to send mail and faxes to other computers. Researchers are currently developing microchips called digital signal rocessors, or DSPs, to enable these PDAs to recognize and interpret human speech. This development, which will permit people in all professions to use a computer quickly and easily, promises to lead to a revolution in the way humans communicate and transfer information. Communication. Computers make all modern communication possible. They operate telephone switching systems, coordinate satellite launches and operations, help generate special effects for movies, and control the equipment in all phases of television and radio broadcasts. Local-area networks (LANs) link the computers in separate departments of businesses or universities, and larger networks, such as the Internet, permit modemstelecommunication devices that transmit data through telephone linesto link individual computers to other computers anywhere in the world. Journalists and writers now use word processors to write books and articles, which they then submit to publishers on magnetic disks or through telephone lines. The data may then be sent directly to computer-controlled typesetters, some of which actually design the layout of printed pages on computer screens. Science and research. Computers are used by scientists and researchers in many ways to collect, store, manipulate, and analyze data. Running simulations is one of the most important applications. Data representing a real-life system is entered into the computer, and the computer manipulates the data in order to show how the natural system is likely to behave under a variety of conditions. In this way scientists can test new theories and designs or can examine a problem that does not lend itself to direct experimentation. Computer-aided design, or CAD, programs enable engineers and architects to design three-dimensional models on a computer screen. Chemists may use computer simulation to design and test molecular models of new drugs. Some simulation programs can generate models of weather conditions to help meteorologists make predictions. Flight simulators are valuable training tools for pilots. Industry. Computers have opened a new era in manufacturing and consumer-product development. In the factory, computer-assisted manufacturing, or CAM, programs help people plan complex production schedules, keep track of inventories and accounts, run automated assembly lines, and control robots. Dedicated computers are routinely used in thousands of products ranging from calculators to airplanes. Government. Government agencies are the largest users of mainframes and supercomputers. The United States Department of Defense uses computers for hundreds of tasks, including research, breaking codes, interpreting data from spy satellites, and targeting missiles. The Internal Revenue Service uses computers to keep track of tens of millions of tax returns. Computers are also essential for taking the census, maintaining criminal records, and other tasks. Education. Computers have proved to be valuable educational tools. Computer-assisted instruction, or CAI, uses computerized lessons that range from simple drills and practice sessions to complex interactive tutorials. These programs have become essential teaching tools in medical schools and military training centers, where the topics are complex and the cost of human teachers is extremely high. Educational aids, such as some encyclopedias and other major reference works, are available to personal-computer userseither on magnetic disks or optical discs or through various Telecommunication networks. Arts and Entertainment. Video games are one of the most popular applications of personal computers. The constantly improving graphics and sound capabilities of personal computers have made them popular tools for artists and musicians. Personal computers can display millions of colors, can produce images far clearer than those of a television set, and can connect to various musical instruments and synthesizers. Painting and drawing programs enable artists to create realistic images and animated displays much more easily than they could with more traditional tools. Native Americans and Aztecs EssayMagnetic-tape storage devices are usually used together with hard disk drives on large computer systems that handle high volumes of onstantly changing data. The tape drives, which access data very slowly, regularly back up, or duplicate, the data in the hard disk drives to protect the system against loss of data during power failures or computer malfunctions. magnetic-drum memories store data in the form of magnetized spots in adjacent circular tracks on the surface of a rotating metal cylinder. They are relatively slow and are rarely used today. Optical discs are nonmagnetic auxiliary storage devices that developed from compact-audio-disc technology. Data is encoded on a disc as a series of pits and flat spaces, called lands, the lengths of which correspond to different patterns of 0s and 1s. One removable 43/4-inch (12-centimeter) disc contains a spiral track more than 3 miles (4. 8 kilometers) long, on which can be stored nearly a billion bytes (gigabyte) of information. All of the text in this encyclopedia, for example, would fill only one fifth of one disc. Read-only optical discs, whose data can be read but not changed, are called CD- ROMs Recordable CD-ROM drives, called WORM (write-once/read-many) drives, are used by many businesses and universities to periodically back up changing databases and to conveniently distribute massive amounts of information to customers or users. Output devices let the user see the results of the computers data processing. The most common output device is the video display terminal (VDT), or monitor, which uses a cathode-ray tube (CRT) to display characters and graphics on a television-like screen. Modems (modulator-demodulators) are input-output devices that allow computers to transfer data between each other. A modem on one computer translates digital pulses into analog signals (sound) and then transmits the signals through a telephone line or a communication network to another computer. A modem on the computer at the other end of the line reverses the process. Printers generate hard copya printed version of information stored in one of the computers memory systems. The three principal types of printers are daisy-wheel, dot-matrix, and laser. Other types of printers include ink-jet printers and thermal printers. A computers operating system is the software that allows all of the dissimilar hardware and software systems to work together. It is often stored in a computers ROM memory. An operating system consists of programs and routines that coordinate operations and processes, translate the data from different input and output devices, regulate data storage in memory, allocate tasks to different processors, and provide functions that help programmers write software. Computers that use disk memory-storage systems are said to have disk operating systems (DOS). MS-DOS is the most popular microcomputer operating system. UNIX, a powerful operating system for larger computers, allows many users and many different programs to gain access to a computers processor at the same time. Visual operating systems called GUIs (graphical user interfaces) were designed to be easy to use, yet to give UNIX-like power and flexibility to home and small-business users. Future operating systems will enable users to control all aspects of the computers hardware and software simply by moving and manipulating their corresponding objects, or graphical icons displayed on the screen. Sometimes programs other than the operating system are built into the hardware, as is the case in dedicated computers or ROM chips. Most often, however, programs exist independently of the computer. When such software is loaded into a general-purpose computer, it automatically programs the computer to perform a specific tasksuch as word processing, managing accounts and inventories, or displaying an arcade game. By the mid-1970s, microchips and microprocessors had drastically reduced the cost of the thousands of electronic components required in a computer. The first affordable desktop computer designed specifically for personal use was called the Altair 8800 and was sold by Micro Telemetry Systems in 1974. In 1977 Tandy Corporation became the first major electronics firm to produce a personal computer. They added a keyboard and CRT to their computer and offered a means of storing programs on a cassette recorder. Soon afterward, a small company named Apple Computer, founded by engineer Stephen Wozniak and entrepreneur Steven Jobs, began producing a superior computer. IBM introduced its Personal Computer, or PC, in 1981. As a result of competition from the makers of clones (computers that worked exactly like an IBM-PC), the price of personal computers fell drastically. Todays personal computer is 400 times faster than ENIAC, 3,000 times lighter, and several million dollars cheaper. In rapid succession computers have shrunk from tabletop to lap-top and finally to palm size. With some personal computers, called pen-pads, people can even write directly on an etched-glass, liquid-crystal screen using a small electronic stylus , and words will appear on the screen in clean typescript. In the early 1990s, manufacturers began producing inexpensive CD-ROM drives that could access more than 650 megabytes of data form a single disc. This development started a multimedia revolution that may continue for decades. The term multimedia encompasses the computers ability to merge sounds, video, text, music, animations, charts, maps, etc. into colorful, interactive presentations, a business advertising campaign, or even a space-war arcade game. Faster computers and the rapid proliferation of multimedia programs will probably forever change the way people get information. The computers ability to instantly retrieve a tiny piece of information from the midst of a huge mass of data has always been one of its most important uses. Since video and audio clips can be stored alongside text on a single CD-ROM disc, a whole new way of exploring a subject is possible . By using hyperlinksa programming method by which related terms, articles, pictures, and sounds are internally hooked togethermaterial can be presented to people so that they can peruse it in a typically human manner, by association. For example, if you are reading about Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address and you want to read about the battle of Gettysburg, you need only click on the highlighted hyperlink battle of Gettysburg. Instantly, the appropriate text, photos, and maps appear on the monitor. Pennsylvania is another click away, and so on. Encyclopedias, almanacs, collections of reference books, interactive games using movie footage, educational programs, and even motion pictures with accompanying screenplay, actor biographies, directors notes, and reviews make multimedia one of the computer worlds most exciting and creative fields. A computer network is the interconnection of many individual computers, much as a road is the link between the homes and the buildings of a city. Having many separate computers linked on a network provides many advantages to organizations such as businesses and universities. People may quickly and easily share files; modify databases; send memos called E-mail, or electronic mail; run programs on remote mainframes; and get access to information in databases that are too massive to fit on a small computers hard drive. Networks provide an essential tool for the routing, managing, and storing of huge amounts of rapidly changing data. The Internet is a network of networks: the international linking of tens of thousands of businesses, universities, and research organizations with millions of individual users. It is what United States President Al Gore first publicly referred to as the information superhighway. What is now known as the Internet was originally formed in 1970 as a military network called ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency network) as part of the Department of Defense. The network opened to non-military users in the 1970s, when universities and companies doing defense-related research were given access, and flourished in the late 1980s as most universities and many businesses around the world online. In 1993, when commercial providers were first permitted to sell Internet connections to individuals, usage of the network exploded. Millions of new users came on within months, and a new era of computer communications began. Most networks on the Internet make certain files available to other. These common files can be databases, programs, or E-mail from the individuals on the network. With hundreds of thousands of international sites each providing thousands of pieces of data, its easy to imagine the mass of raw data available to users. The Internet is by no means the only way in which computer users can communicate with others. Several commercial online services provide connections to members who pay a monthly connect-time fee. CompuServe, America OnLine, Prodigy, Genie, and several others provide a tremendous range of information and services, including online conferencing, electronic mail transfer, program downloading, current weather and stock market information, travel and entertainment information, access to encyclopedias and other reference works, and electronic forums for specific users groups such as PC us

Anthropological Accounts of Leadership

Question: How should the leader deal with the situation? Answer: The leader of your client organization has observed a lack of flexibility and a slow decision-making process in many of the departments. He believes that he is not serving his customers well, and has decided to move to a team environment and to push many of the decisions to the lowest possible levels. In other words, he wants to create a team-based, empowered organization. Several of his best managers are resisting the idea strongly. They not only feel that many employees are not ready for the change, but they also believe that they personally could never change from a "command and control" style to allowing more participation. According to the given situation been stated there was a lack in the decision making system policy of the organization as a whole. He was not been able to serve his customers well. He suggested to move the management system to a team oriented business strongly but to which many of the employees had opposed because they felt that they are not ready for such a change and also they felt that this sort of change was very commanding. The leader should deal with this kind of situation very tactfully. He should go for developing his own leadership styles so that the employees can be able to work and exist in the various work environments and can also adjust accordingly. The culture and goals of an organization determine which leadership style fits the firm best. Some companies offer several leadership styles within the organization, dependent upon the necessary tasks to complete and departmental needs. There are mainly five types of leadership styles which a leader may choose according to the type of the organization and then this can help in taking and managing the decisions of a company as a whole (Edwards, 2014). Here the leader had chosen laissez faire style of leadership which means that the entire system did lack from direct supervision of the employees and also the system had mainly failed to provide with regular feedback to the employees who were in need of supervision and guidance from their leaders. It is not mandatory that all the employees will fall under this style of leadership style but still there are few employees as well. It is the responsibility of the leader to strictly follow up for those employees. This style of leadership hinders production of employees that need strict supervision. The laissez faire style needs no leadership or supervision efforts from their managers or the senior level people as well (He, 2013). This leads to poor production, lack of control as well as the increasing costs associated with it. The leader is been suggested to follow autocratic type of leadership that will allow the managers to make self-decisions alone without taking any such input from others as well. Here in this type the managers possess total authority and also impose their will on the employees as well. No one is able to challenge the decisions of the managers that have been taken. This style of leadership also requires close attention as well as supervision. The creative employees who are able to thrive in group functions detest this type of leadership style (Parker Welch, 2013). As an effective leader he must persuade his managers by involving the transformational type of leadership to its employees. The transformational leadership style depends on high levels of communication from management to meet goals. Leaders motivate employees and enhance productivity and efficiency through communication and high visibility. This style of leadership requires the involvement of management to meet goals. Leaders focus on the big picture within an organization and delegate smaller tasks to the team to accomplish goals (Zhu, Newman, Miao Hooke, 2013). References Edwards, G. (2014). Anthropological accounts of leadership: Historical and geographical interpretations from indigenous cultures.Leadership. doi:10.1177/1742715014536920 He, H. (2013). Participative Leadership and Follower Creativity: Do Different Types of Trust Play Different Roles?.Academy Of Management Proceedings,2013(1), 12324-12324. doi:10.5465/ambpp.2013.12324abstract Parker, M., Welch, E. (2013). Professional networks, science ability, and gender determinants of three types of leadership in academic science and engineering.The Leadership Quarterly,24(2), 332-348. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.01.001 Raelin, J. (2014). Imagine there are no leaders: Reframing leadership as collaborative agency.Leadership. doi:10.1177/1742715014558076 The 13th international studying leadership conference (ISLC). (2014).Leadership,10(2), 261-262. doi:10.1177/1742715014529687 Zhu, W., Newman, A., Miao, Q., Hooke, A. (2013). Revisiting the mediating role of trust in transformational leadership effects: Do different types of trust make a difference?.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 94-105. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.08.004

Evaluate the impact of discipline On the uniformed public services free essay sample

In this essay I will be discussing how discipline affects the public services. I will be looking in depth of how and why discipline is used and what happens if its discipline is not carried out. I will be using real life example to further my understanding of discipline. The value of the impact of discipline in a range of public services would involve the use of authority, to control the services, train the officers, used to follow orders or there as a threat and make sure powers are not to be abused. An example of training the officers would be when â€Å"Fire service training manual (1994) ‘The Fire Service Training Manual, together with the Manual of Firemanship, provides the foundation necessary for members of the service to learn, or teach, the essential core of knowledge and techniques. The knowledge must be reinforced and techniques regularly rehearsed to develop the skill and expertise necessary for fire fighters to demonstrate and maintain professional competence. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate the impact of discipline On the uniformed public services or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † http://www. furthereducationlessontrader. co. uk/discipline. htm. 03/10/12 this shows that the fire fighters are trained in order to the principles of the fire services so they can perform to the best standards possible. All services will train recruits so they are read to accomplish and contribute their input in the team to make it proficient The value for discipline regarding effectiveness and efficiency of the services would create many different advantages. It ensures that the hierarchical structure is respected and maintained. Everyone listens to their higher ranked officer. Every public service has a visibly defined roles and responsibilities which are to be followed under all circumstances. With discipline being followed properly it will guarantee that the public services officers are all working effectively and efficiently. Serving the public is the main priority of each and every service is to serve the public. The ambulance services are there to ensure the health and safety of public citizens. The police force is set up to protects and secure everyone from crime. The fire service is set up to protect life and property. The army, navy, royal marines are all out to protect the United Kingdom. All these services are designed to protect the citizen of the United Kingdom. For example when the 7/7 bombing happened in London all the services got together to protect the public. They all worked well effectively and efficiently together to solve this crisis. Discipline effects the public services massively; there are aspects such as inspiration. Many young people look up to the public services officers as they aim to one day become like them. They find the jobs they do appealing, in sense of it exploratory; deal with all kinds of different situation and provides job satisfaction. Discipline also trains an individual to work well in a group. It involves having respect, reciprocated trust and loyalty. However so young people find the servicers appealing as they feel its hands on and always on the frontline or dealing with dangerous situation. There needs to be an acknowledgement of your personal duty towards the services. You will have a duty towards your services, the public and colleagues. Following the rules and obeying your commanding officer in order to get the job done. In the public services all officer are trained to follow order and instruction from there higher ranked officers. Following order can save you from dangerous situation and reduces the risks of injury. A public services officer have taken an oath to abide by the law so therefore one of these would be protecting the public this can only be done when following order from your higher ranked officers. When orders are followed correctly the job is done to the best of standards possible rewards are given. Rewards are there to inspire individual to strive more and remain doing the tremendous work. Reward are given to these individual such as promotion, medals and recognition in the local newspaper or media, be appreciated, praise and seeing other happy gives the person job satisfaction. Receiving these rewards the individual feels honour and a sense of achievement and would like to do better and give more to their community. If people don’t follow the rules then the services and personnel become open to the consequences of a lack of discipline in their roles. If there is a lack of discipline in the public service that would affect the whole team performance, the community and the public not just the individual. Due to the fact lack of services the public wouldn’t feel safe in their community. The whole team would get a bad name not just that specific person. Taking bribe is a huge crime and if anyone is caught they would get dismissal or suspended this would lead to the public not trusting the service and lead to corrupting. However is any member of the uniformed public services is caught they will be punished. Punishment are put into place notify the individual if they step out of line there will be consequences such as dismissal, suspension, step down or a warning, all this is to ensure that the job is carried out effectively and efficiently. This will reflects on the social order in the communities. If the officers carry out their jobs well the behaviour in our society will be better and people. The social etiquettes have placed certain type of rules like indecent exposed will lead to arrest and police getting involved. The anarchy is a great example of loss of social order. When this occurs there are no rules no discipline in society. An example of this is would be the riots in 2011. These riots caused a lot of controversy with the society. In conclusion I believe discipline plays a huge role within the uniformed public service whether that be emergency or non-emergency. Discipline is taught rather than forced. I feel that the public services have good discipline as they do their jobs effectively and efficiently, however there are cases here a there were discipline is poor in the public service like the riots in 2011 were Mark Duggan was shot and lead to a massive outbreak of the riot across the United Kingdom. Furthermore I believe this shouldn. t undermine the great job our public services to on a daily basis, the struggles and tribulation that they face.

The Yellow Wallpaper - Journey Into Insanity Essays - Beecher Family

The Yellow Wallpaper - Journey Into Insanity Essays - Beecher Family The Yellow Wallpaper - Journey into Insanity In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the dominant/submissive relationship between an oppressive husband and his submissive wife pushes her from depression into insanity. Flawed human nature seems to play a great role in her breakdown. Her husband, a noted physician, is unwilling to admit that there might really be something wrong with his wife. This same attitude is seen in her brother, who is also a physician. While this attitude, and the actions taken because of it, certainly contributed to her breakdown; it seems to me that there is a rebellious spirit in her. Perhaps unconsciously she seems determined to prove them wrong. As the story begins, the woman whose name we never learn tells of her depression and how it is dismissed by her husband and brother. "You see, he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression a slight hysterical * * * * *Roberts 2 tendency what is one to do?" (Gilman 193). These two men both doctors seem completely unable to admit that there might be more to her condition than than just stress and a slight nervous condition. Even when a summer in the country and weeks of bed-rest don't help, her husband refuses to accept that she may have a real problem. Throughout the story there are examples of the dominant - submissive relationship. She is virtually imprisoned in her bedroom, supposedly to allow her to rest and recover her health. She is forbidden to work, "So I . . . am absolutely forbidden to "work" until I am well again." (Gilman 193). She is not even supposed to write: "There comes John, and I must put this away he hates to have me write a word." (Gilman 194). She has no say in the location or decor of the room she is virtually imprisoned in: "I don't like our room a bit. I wanted...But John would not hear of it." (Gilman 193). She can't have visitors: "It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship about my work...but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now." (Gilman 196). Probably in large part because of her oppression, she continues to decline. "I don't feel as if it was worthwhile to turn my hand over for anything. . ." (Gilman 197). It seems that her husband is oblivious to her declining conditon, since he never admits she has a real problem until * * * * *Roberts 3 the end of the story at which time he fainted. John could have obtained council from someone less personally involved in her case, but the only help he seeks was for the house and baby. He obtains a nanny to watch over the children while he was away at work each day: "It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby." (Gilman 195). And he had his sister Jennie take care of the house. "She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper." (Gilman 196). He does talk of taking her to an expert: "John says if I don't pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall." But she took that as a threat since he was even more domineering than her husband and brother. Not only does he fail to get her help, but by keeping her virtually a prisoner in a room with nauseating wallpaper and very little to occupy her mind, let alone offer any kind of mental stimulation, he almost forces her to dwell on her problem. Prison is supposed to be depressing, and she is pretty close to being a prisoner. Perhaps if she had been allowed to come and go and do as she pleased her depression might have lifted: "I think sometimes that if I were only well enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me." (Gilman 195). It seems that just being able to tell someone how she really felt would

The Legacy of a Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Legacy of a Nation - Essay Example Freedom, more than any other concept, defines what it means to be an American. Self-rule is closely associated with freedom, but also has the notion of the power residing in the hands of the people. Colonists, forced to turn to community government in the face of British absenteeism, established a legacy that persists today. Our free elections are the vehicle that we use to continue to celebrate this legacy. No public official is any more powerful than the public they serve. The legacies of freedom and self rule have demanded a responsibility that we find in the Puritan inspired legacy of hard work, honesty, and family. The commitment to these ideals has lasted for centuries. Americans continue to believe in these basic values taught by the Puritans and embraced by such American icons as Ben Franklin. Even in the face of technology and MTV, our legacy is the conservative value of deliberate effort to exact an honest output. While these legacies bring us great pride, there are some darker sides to America's legacy for the present. Slavery that began in the colonies continued well into the 19th century. The remnants and impact continues to show in institutional prejudice and individual bias. This is a legacy that we have struggled with through the civil rights movement and personal introspection. Most Americans meet our challenging legacies by reaching for another of our nation's indelible character traits. The legacy of exploration and conquering adds personal strength to anyone who has knowledge of our nation's past. Though we may not explore the open and unsettled territories as in the past, America has a unique perspective that allows it to take action on social and international issues that confront us. America can face the unknown and the untraveled road of the future. Justice, fairness, and the rule of law are where these legacies are held fast and allowed to endure. America may seem to move at a slow and almost plodding pace. That is the speed of contemplation and examination. It is our courts and our legislatures that have exemplified a legacy brought from many European countries that says America has a legacy to live up to, and it can not be hurried. America's greatest strengths are drawn from the legacies of history. The wisdom and morality of men and women of the past continue to pull us into the future. They give us the courage to face our darker legacies without defense and without fear. Our legacies are the role model for people around the world to look to for hope and inspiration. They define us and make our citizens uniquely America. D James Kennedy: A Christian and Protestant Nation In his sermon "God and Country" preacher D. James Kennedy asserted that, "The proposition that the U.S. are a Christian and Protestant nation, is not so much the assertion of a principle as the statement of fact.". Kennedy has struck the chord that has united this nation since colonial days. The country was founded not only on freedom of religion, but also with a strong diversity and tolerance of faith. In August 1748, John Kurtz was examined and ordained as a minister at the founding of the Lutheran presence in America. Kurtz practiced his ministry under the discipline of "Pietism" founded by Pastor Philip Jacob Spener. When he founded the movement some 80

Discuss Gospel of Mark Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discuss Gospel of Mark - Assignment Example In Mark 15 v 32 his enemies ironically refer to him as ‘Christ , this king of Israel.’ In 10 v 17 he is described as ‘Good Teacher’ by someone who wants to ask him questions. 2.How does Jesus identify himself? What titles/names does he use in relation to himself? Under questioning from Pilate Jesus answers to the title ‘King of the Jews’ , but Pilate was referring to an earthly kingdom and Christ to a heavenly one. In Mark 10 v 33 he is describing himself when he says ‘The Son of Man’. The phrase come from Enoch 46 where ‘the ancient of days’ is also described as ‘the Son of man’. 3.Write a brief â€Å"character sketch† (word picture) of Jesus as he is presented in the Gospel of Mark. Mark describes Jesus as a man of action anointed by God. ( Mark 1 v 11) Words such he might send them out to preach and to have authority to drive out demons.’ ( Mark 3 v 14, 15.) They are also described as being ordinary, imperfect people -James and John the Sons of Thunder i.e. quick to anger’ and ‘Judas Iscariot , who betrayed him. The gospel, begins with the baptism by John i.e. the time when Jesus was clearly stated to be God’s beloved son who pleased him ( Mark 1 v 11). This is different from the other evangelists. John begins before time ‘In the beginning was the Word.’ Both Matthew and Luke begin with the time of Jesus’s birth or thereabouts. These three writers wanted readers to know who Jesus was. Mark is more concerned with what he did. Mark begins his gospel at the beginning of Jesus’ ministry. He knew God as His Father who loves him and anoints him with the Spirit. - Mark 1v 11. He sees himself as belonging to a family of those who obey the will of God - Mark 3 v 35. In Gethsemane ( Mark 14 v 36 he prays to God as ‘Abba’ i.e. Daddy’, but

Management - Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management - Diversity - Essay Example Moreover, empathy can result in discouraging organizational subcultures to form. Subcultures ostracize those outside them, and a sense of superiority in those who form parts thereof, however, a little empathy, even if learned/forced, can go a long way in mutual respect, resulting in the discouragement of such subcultures to be formed. 2. Overcoming differences for effective teamwork: it is all but natural for organizational employees to have differences in their personalities and ideals. Effective and successful teamwork is a must-have in any organization’s operations. Often, teamwork is hampered when employees cannot overcome their differences, sometimes resulting in all out confrontations. An organization that fosters diversity needs to train its employees in ways to overcome their differences for effective teamwork, so that the organization’s operations can run successfully and smoothly. 3. Inclusivity of various different employees of the organization as much as pos sible: it is important that none of the employees feel sidelined in an organization, especially based on their personal differences (e.g. gender, class, ethnicity, religion etc.). Organizational work, as well as employee morale, is adversely affected if employees feel that the organization does not value them or their opinion. ... ss dealings with abroad: whether it is the organizational employees inter se or organizational employees and organizational foreign clients, it is very important for them to be sensitive to the cultural differences and the nuances these differences bear. In inter-office dealings, cultural intelligence can lead to a friendlier work environment, where all employees feel their beliefs are respected; whereas in international dealings, cultural sensitivity and intelligence can result in success along with avoiding the organization embarrassment. There are myriads of ways to attain these objectives, however, some of them can include the following: 1. Just like other regular training workshops and seminars, training regarding diversity can also involve having guest speakers and lecturers, coming from diverse background to come and talk to the employees. These lectures/talks can involve various topics dealing with diversity and can help the employees gain a better understanding of problems f acing the minority at work. 2. There can be an hour or two set aside, every two or four weeks, for employees to share their personal stories, where they relate their personal diversity experiences. Negative and positive both aspects should be equally highlighted. Just like there is a need for employees to learn what to avoid, they need to learn what would be a good thing to do in certain situations with regard to diversity. This can also foster a sense of inclusion in the employees, as well as make them feel that their voices are being heard. 3. An informal office party, where everyone is invited is a good idea, however, to make it more interesting (or more â€Å"diversity training efficient†) the employees can be asked to socialize/interact with those different than them once they are at

Marketing Analysis of Dexit Inc

Marketing Analysis of Dexit Inc Case Analysis Report: Dexit Introduction to Dexit Inc. In 2001 a privately held firm known as Dexit Inc. (the â€Å"Debit Express† company) was formed by Renah Persofsky, a former member of the Bank of Montreal’s e-commerce subsidiary had left to pursue opportunities more aggressively. The company’s goal was to provide customers with a new convenient and easy to use electronic payment system that would provide an alternative option to cash for low-value transactions. Dexit Inc. had expected that this electronic payment service to be used for a small transaction averaging a cost of approximately of $4, however in addition there was a belief that this service could possibly be used for purchases potentially as large as $25. The design of Dexit’s service would allow customers to pay for goods and services by waving an electronic tag near a specialized reader that would be placed at a retail counter that would communicate in a secure manner with Dexit’s central payment clearing system. This process would on average be completed in less than three seconds which would generate fast no- hassle payments that could also be tracked enabling users to monitor their low-value purchases. This system which has been extensively tested and deemed to be highly reliable would be based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. With this technology a secure personal identification number in the customer’s tag would be read wirelessly by the merchant’s terminal. Problem Identification Flashing forward to today, Renah Persofsky (CEO) is facing critical decisions regarding the launch of Dexit Inc.’s electronic payment system. Currently Dexit has attracted two of Canada’s largest banks as early stage investors and as well Telus Mobility, the wireless subsidiary of the country’s second largest telecommunications firm. All three entities have expressed significant enthusiasm for Dexit’s wireless payment service however each wanted to see a firm marketing plan before commitment of further resources to Dexit. The key decisions that CEO Renah Persofsky faced in order to push ahead with the project had included: Deciding which merchants and consumers Dexit’s service would target which would  shape the other aspects of the marketing plan. Determining whether any additions or changes needed to be made to the product itself. Establishing the pricing strategy that Dexit would implement which would take into  account the value of the service to merchants and consumers and their willingness to pay. Create a promotional plan to reach each target audience and decide between a Toronto-only launch, regional launch, or national launch in major Canadian cities. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Dexit has major companies like two of Canada’s largest banks and Telus Mobility supporting them which gives them huge area to explore. The new system is much more effective than the previous ones launched in the market because it provides an efficient way to settle retail transactions. The transactions are very secure and takes just three seconds for transactions to work due to Radio Frequency Identification (RDIF) technology.The company is targeting retail businesses characterized by high-frequency and low-value transactions by providing them with system which provides ease, speed and security. They are also targeting consumers who make lots of small transactions. They are providing customers with username and password so they can access their own account and keep track of their transactions. As for merchants they will be able to register for an account by providing basic information about financial institution to settle payments which will be executed on a daily basis by tra nsferring funds electronically to the merchants bank. And for retailers they offered faster payment than cash, credits or debit. Weakness: The history of the product outside the firm has been unsuccessful due to merchants finding the payment process costly and inconvenient since they had to operate two separate terminals: a traditional swipe reader for customer who used debit transaction and second to read the card’s computer chip for stored value transactions. Also, with major company backing the company it is crucial for Dexit to provide them with positive result. Opportunities: Dexit has opportunity to establish itself in the largest market for digital transactions. It also has a chance to explore the global market as their long term plan which will help them to expand their market and develop sustained competitive advantages. It will also help Dexit to bring in new ideas, expand their horizons and strengthen their market value. Threats: Since it is not easy to replicate the domestic market success globally it might not have to same positive results. Other companies can also easily attain the technology which could increase the risk of losing customers to the rivals. There are many other companies that allow customers to make electronic payments. Those companies give cards instead of key tags which means that customers will most likely stick to using cards since they are used to it. Also Dexit has just entered the market so it will take a while for the company to get customers. The company will have a hard time dealing with its competitors. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Dexit Inc. are providing consumers an easier and faster methods of making their everyday transactions. The target for Dexit Inc. can be divided into the consumers and the merchants. Merchants can save a lot of time servicing a customer at a busy store and consumers could save a great amount of time avoiding line-up on their way to something important. Places like gas stations and fast food restaurants usually with a heavy customer traffic are potential merchant groups. Key tags will not only reduce the time it takes to processed with a transaction but will also reduce the amount of theft from the cash register since everything would be done by electronic money. This will enable them to take more customer by avoiding walkaways. Merchants such as Esso, Tim Hortons, Mcdonalds are possible businesses that would benefit having Dexit receives at their locations. Dexit’s consumer market can be segmented by their work and lifestyle and attitudes. A consumer’s perception towards a fast food restaurants is to attain a quick service, even when it comes to making the payment for their purchase. Customers that usually rush to Tim Horton’s are eager to either get to work or to an educational institute. The target market would vary from young adult to early 50s would are either employed or enrolled at an educational institute. According to Employment and Social Development Canada about 81.6 percent canadian from ages 25 to 44 are employed and about 71.3 percent canadians from ages 45 to 65 are employed. These employed canadian are always in a hurry to get to work on time and rushing back home to avoid traffic. OCUL on their website states about 458,251 student across Ontario alone on their updated statistics August 2014. Dixits main focus should be towards targeting Canadian student and employed customers who use electronic payment methods to make their everyday purchases smoother and quicker. Imagine not requiring to take out your wallet and being able t o make a payment through a key holder that is attached to you car keys, or being able to tell how much of you money was spend on everyday small expenses such as gas, coffee or morning breakfast. In Canada, the market size has been estimated to be about 536 billion dollars in the payment industry, with about 4.1 billion transactions made through debit and credit cards. These cards often get lost or stolen without consumer’s attention and are also misused by frauds that can cost consumes a great amount of money. Key tags on the other hand are quite secure since their have less chances of getting lost and consumers can easily notice if key tag is lost. Consumers would be feel more safe and secured to make smaller everyday transaction. Product Strategy The core benefit in using Dexit’s payment system is to make is easier for consumers and merchant to make small amount purchases more efficiently. Small Purchases ranging from a dollar to about 25 dollars. This for everyday consumer would speed-up their ordering time and for merchants would speed-up the selling process. The product would also help consumer keep track of their small purchases with security. Key chain fob with the RFID technology is a very good payment system. Consumers would find it easier and more convenient to use keychain to make their small purchases. Consumers and merchants save time and also the risk of losing money. Consumer will no longer need to worry about giving exact change or worry about losing pocket change on their way to a nearby store. Place Strategy Since Dexit’s key tag is a brand new idea in the market, it would be better if the product is first tested out in a smaller market. Having Dexit Inc. promote their product nationally would be costly and very risk. If product not successful it could cost Dexit a huge amount on loses. To ensure the product is successful it would be beneficial is the company decided to introduce the product only in Ontario first. Dexit should focus on attracting market share in Ontario, since it already has a bigger population than other provinces. In 2001, the amount of interac direct payments equaled to about 755 million traction only in Ontario. There are about 6,551,298 interac direct users with about 116,241 merchants that also use interac. Currently in ontario the unemployment rate is about 6.9 percent, which is quite low. Student in Ontario have a quite large population. Price Strategy Dexit Inc. requires to strategize the price they would charge the consumers and their merchants. Effectively balancing payments between consumers and merchants will lead to adoption by both and prevent them from seeking alternatives. To do this it is important to not charge either side in a way that they will perceive as detrimental. Consumers will not be charged upfront for registering or to acquire the RFID tag. This avoids creating an initial investment barrier between consumers and their service. Consumers won’t need to invest to try out Dexit. Instead they will be charged a small fee for each transaction. They will be attracted to use Dexit because of it’s convenience and time-saving capabilities. They won’t mind paying the small transaction based fee. Instead they will focus on the opportunity to use a new, innovative, time saving technology. Merchants won’t be charged a transaction based fee. This will encourage them to promote Dexit to customers using payment methods that do charge a transaction fee like debit or credit. This is one of the ways Dexit will use a push strategy. Instead they will be charged an upfront cost to have the reader installed in their store. Merchants are more likely to be ok with an upfront cost, seeing it as an investment to attract customers that use Dexit and a competitive advantage in terms of convenience. Customers who value their time and prefer convenience will choose locations that have Dexit readers installed. This is one of the ways Dexit will employ a pull Strategy. By balancing the costs between merchants and consumers Dexit can encourage adoption among both groups. By receiving short term payments from merchants and long term payments from consumers Dexit can smooth out their revenue, allowing them to better plan for future expansions and investments. Promotion Strategy The main goal of Persofsky’s promotional strategy was to reach her chosen target markets. This could be determined by either a Pull or Push strategy. With a Push strategy, merchants are given incentives to promote the Dexit service. With a Pull strategy, a buzz is created around the product and helps increase the demand from consumers. A Pull strategy would work well for Dexit, based on the fact it is a product of major convenience, one that could catch on in the marketplace when promoted properly. When â€Å"buzz† is created around a product that can offer consumers something quick and tangible, it has a habit of catching on and allowing other consumers to see the benefits for themselves. With minimal cash flow, Dexit is forced to get creative with the promotional aspect of the product and company. Traditional advertising can be considered, along with sales promotions and direct marketing. Traditional advertising is effective because it can be used on so many different channels, such as radio, newspapers, magazines and television. By using traditional advertising, Dexit can reach a large number of consumers through the wide variety of channels. Final recommendation With Dexit being a new product, and this type of technology being new to consumers, it will be important to generate a high volume of sales in the early stages. This will require Dexit to penetrate the marketplace with low initial prices to gain as much traction as possible. The most plausible revenue model it to charge consumers a small percentage to use Dexit services. The consumers will most likely use Dexit due to it’s convenience and time-saving capabilities. Consumers will sacrifice the small percentage they will be paying for each transaction to save time at the checkout. In addition merchants can be charged when they purchase the Dexit POS terminals, this will create extra revenue for the company. Merchants will be likely to purchase the terminals because they want to attract consumers who are using Dexit, in hopes of having them enter their store instead of going to a competitors location. It will be important to try and sell the terminals to chain stores, who will place the Dexit terminal in all of their stores, and also receive a discounted price for bulk orders. Consumers should be able to receive the RFID tags for free, this will give the consumer a sense of nostalgia with the product and be more likely to keep it and attach it to a key-chain or store it in their wallet. If the consumers have to pay for the tag and then pay a charge each time they use it, they may feel like they are being taken advantage of and decide to use traditional forms of paying. Many consumers are very price sensitive and the additional tag charge may be ll it takes for them to stay away from Dexit. Contingencies With any type of business plan it is important to plan for unexpected events or sudden changes in the marketplace. These contingencies can stem from any part of the company or product that is being launched into the market and how they will change the original marketing plan that was developed before the launch.In the case of Dexit, there are many different contingencies that should be thought out and planned before launch. Firstly, a contingency should be developed in the case that the equipment or software that is used in the Dexit tag is faulty or has some issues. This is a common type of problem with any product that involves technology as there is no way to guarantee with 100% certainty that the product will not falter. Secondly, a contingency should be developed in case the consumers do not catch on to the Dexit product and sales are lagging form initial estimates. This may include switching up the promotional strategy or targeting a different consumer group than originally thought. It will only take a short time period to see whether or not consumers are beginning to use Dexit or not and at that point a decision will be made to stay the course or switch up the marketing plan.

Defining Post-Modernism Essay -- Definition post Modernism

Defining Post-Modernism In trying to define exactly what post-modernism is I shall firstly briefly consider some of the events and thinking that led up to the development of this particular school of social theory. I shall then consider some of the common strands of thinking in postmodernism concentrating mainly on the writings of Jean-Francois Lyotard and Jean Baudrillard. I shall then consider the view of David Harvey, a Marxist many consider to be writing in the postmodern tradition, who argues that post-modernism is just another form of capitalism. Having analysed his argument I shall conclude by giving my own personal view of post-modernism and by showing that by its very nature it is virtually impossible to come up with one single all encompassing definition. The term postmodernism was first used in relation to architecture. Modern architecture, namely the high rise tower blocks of the sixties, were becoming more and more unpopular. Charles Jencks (1977) traces the death of modernist architecture to the demolition of the Pruitt-Igoe housing project in St. Louis, and other writers (Lemert (1990)) have seen this as a symbol of the end of modernity. Society was reacting against modern architectural ideas having lost faith in the modern ideals. Although modern architecture might have been scientifically advanced using the latest and cheapest materials, people rejected it, preferring to return to a variety of styles from the past. Examples of this can be seen in the rejuvenation of the Albert Dock in Liverpool, and 'mock'; medieval squares. Similarly in Sociology postmodernism rejects the theories of the past, and represents a break from the 'modern'; way of thinking. For example, Marx envisaged society evolving through social change into the 'perfect'; communist society, where there are no issues of class or general inequality. Postmodernists would refer to his theory, and those of other sociologists, as a metanarrative and writers such as Lyotard (1984) have seen the rejection of such theories as central to postmodernism: 'Simplifying to the extreme, I define postmodernism as incredulity to metanarratives'; People have lost faith in the metanarratives of the past and Lyotard sees social life being organised around 'language games', which serve to justify people's behaviour in society. In these games a person endeavours to persuade others t... ...is impossible to apply one all encompassing theory. A range of theories must be considered and all viewpoints listened to. Only by adopting such an approach and by welcoming different points of view can we further understand the world in which we live. References Harvey, D. (1990) 'The Condition Of Postmodernity'; Oxford:Blackwell Kellner, D. (1990) 'Postmodernism: Jameson: Critique'; cited in Ritzer, G. (1992) 'Sociological Theory'; (third edition) New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Lyotard, J.F. (1984) The Postmodern Condition. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press Ritzer, G. (1992) 'Sociological Theory'; (third edition) New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Bibliography Adams, D.J. Toward a Theological Understanding of Postmodernism http://aril.org/adams.htm#TEXT20 Cuff, E.C., Sharrock, W.W., and Francis, D.W. (1998) 'Perspectives in Sociology'; (fourth edition) London: Routledge. Mizrach, S. Talking pomo: An analysis of the postmodern movement http://glidare.isp.his.se/isp/~andreas/pomo.htm Ritzer, G. (1992) 'Sociological Theory'; (third edition) New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Ritzer, G. (1996) 'Classical Social Theory'; (second edition) New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Philosophical thinking Essay

There are many forms of philosophical thinking that humans tend to immerse themselves into. Sometimes, even the realm of self idolatry can be a subject of one’s happiness in pursuit of his own idea of what is satisfactory. In a more conventional identification of this act, vanity can become an obsession and may induce certain effects to one’s character. According to Wikipedia, vanity is a form of self gratification with regards to one’s belief about his or her attractiveness and abilities. Most of the time, people with this philosophy tend to excessively compliment themselves without entertaining any forms of negative perception from the people around them. In religious perspectives, vanity is a form of idolatry to oneself in which a person may become too overwhelmed with his characteristics that he tends to ignore any other beings superior than what he is supposed to be, bypassing the concept of god. In modern times, vanity can be easily spotted and may be identified to almost all societies in the world. One may identify a vain person by simply observing the way he acts with regards to how he projects himself to the public. For example, a person may always need to do make up retouching, consistently apply perfumes and even always engage in small acts of looking for runs and protruding fibers out of his clothes. In some cases, vanity can also be identified not only in physical perspectives but also in one’s philosophy. Vain people tend to always tell self proclaimed abilities about how they can handle situations which seem to be a problem for others. With such acts, some people may even interpret them as a form of arrogance. It would be a fulfilling experience if someone will tell you compliments about how you look and praise what you can do, but the aim to always look forward for this reactions from people can become an obsession and may lead to vanity. Works Cited Wikipedia. November 7 2007. Vanity. Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. November 19, 2007 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vanity.

How to Get Rid of Clichés in Your Writing

How to Get Rid of Clichà ©s in Your Writing It was a dark and stormy night. The unsuspecting college student racked her brain while the seconds ticked by. She felt like the world was falling down all around her. In less than six hours, her narrative essay was due for her Composition 123 class. She had ideas, but she wanted to write something fresh as daisies – a story that would get under her readers’ skins. She looked at what she’d written so far and realized that it was more clichà ©d than American apple pie. If this scene reminds you of your own struggles with writing, you are in severe need of an anti-clichà © remedy. Fortunately, clichà ©d writing doesn’t necessarily have to be the death of your essay. You can learn how to identify clichà ©s in your writing and eliminate them by following a few simple steps. Time to Identify: What is a Clichà ©? The word clichà © dates back to 1825, where it was used to describe a sound made when a printer’s press went over a typeset block called a â€Å"stereotype.† The stereotype made it possible to reuse the same words over and over again to save time in the printing process. Like in the original usage of the word, clichà ©s save people time and effort by using images, wording, and ideas that have been used many times over. Unfortunately, they also come across as boring, vapid, and as an attempt to word-count pad your essay. Some of the most rampant clichà ©s in essay writing are: The dictionary defines ________ as†¦. This essay will discuss†¦ From the beginning of time†¦ All in all†¦ My experiences broadened my horizons†¦ It hit me like a ton of bricks†¦ In this day and age†¦ You probably have heard or read these many times throughout your life. Perhaps you’ve actually written them once or twice. Don’t worry. Identifying clichà ©s in your own writing is the first step towards turning your boring essays into engaging writing. Review, Replace, Rewrite By replacing worn out phrases with ones that are uniquely yours, your writing will be more fun to read and your teachers will see you as a more mature writer. Just keep in mind the Three Rs of eliminating clichà ©s: Review, Replace, and Rewrite. If you follow these steps for every essay you write, your writing will always have that personal flair that can never be copied. For example, review the opening paragraph one more time. It was a dark and stormy night. The unsuspecting college student racked her brain while the seconds ticked by. She felt like the world was falling down all around her. In less than six hours, her narrative essay was due for her Composition 123 class. She had ideas, but she wanted to write something fresh as daisies – a story that would get under her readers’ skins. She looked at what she’d written so far and realized that it was more clichà ©d than American apple pie. Are there any phrases that stick out to as being clichà ©d? Replace the rehashed language and ideas with creative metaphors and clear nouns and verbs. Then, rewrite this paragraph so that it sounds more original – more uniquely â€Å"you.† It was another stressful Sunday night cram session. Cheri felt sweat underneath her watch as ts incessant tick-tick-tick buried her deeper in despair. In less than six hours, her narrative essay was due for her Composition 123 class. She had ideas, but she wanted to write something exotic and explosive – a story that would grip her readers’ minds and whisper her words long after they put it down. A Word of Warning: Write Clear and Hard The rewritten paragraph is more interesting to read, and sounds more mature. Because all the overused ideas were replaced, the paragraph is vibrant and evocative. Still, make sure that your writing doesn’t go too far in its attempt to be original. Using a thesaurus to come up with â€Å"fancy† words often reads like just that. In addition, abstract metaphors and similes can confuse readers and bog your writing down. The best advice? Hemingway said, â€Å"Write clear and hard about what hurts.† When writing your essays, be clear in your language and use images that are unique to your experience. That way, your essays don’t have to be quite so painfully boring to read. With a little creative flair and an arsenal of new ideas, you’ll be able to conquer even the driest college essay prompt in your own unique style.

(Updated Guide) Weighted GPA Calculator

(Updated Guide) Weighted GPA Calculator SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most likely, during high school you've taken a mix of classes: some honors, some standard, and some APs. The weighted GPA reflects that those classes have different difficulty levels. So what's the easiest way to figure out what your weighted GPA is? We have two great methods to calculate it! What Is a Weighted GPA? Your GPA, or grade point average, is a way for colleges to quickly see a solid, summary indicator of your intelligence, work ethic, willingness to challenge yourself, and skills. A weighted GPA showcases the hard work and challenge of your high school career by reflecting whether the classes you took were standard level, honors level, or AP/IB level. It does this by adding .5 to every honors class GPA conversion decimal and adding 1 to every AP class conversion decimal, creating a scale that goes from 0.0 to 5.0. So, for example, imagine Diane gets an A in AP French and Sven gets an A in standard level Geography. A weighted GPA would recognize that the AP class was most likely harder, so Diane’s A would become 5.0, while Sven's A would be 4.0. Here is a table that explains how all this usually works in more detail: Letter Grade Percentile Standard GPA Honors GPA AP/IB GPA A+ 97-100 4.0 4.5 5.0 A 93-96 4.0 4.5 5.0 A- 90-92 3.7 4.2 4.7 B+ 87-89 3.3 3.8 4.3 B 83-86 3.0 3.5 4.0 B- 80-82 2.7 3.2 3.7 C+ 77-79 2.3 2.8 3.3 C 73-76 2.0 2.5 3.0 C- 70-72 1.7 2.2 2.7 D+ 67-69 1.3 1.8 2.3 D 65-66 1.0 1.5 2.0 F Below 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 How Do You Calculate Your Weighted GPA? There are two different ways to calculate your weighted GPA. Class-by-class method This method goes through each of the classes that you've taken, one by one: #1: First, convert all the final class grades you’ve gotten, keeping careful track of whether the course was honors level, AP level, or standard. #2: Next, add up all of these converted decimals– this is your sum. #3: Then, count the total number of classes you have taken. #4: Finally, divide the sum by the number of classes and round to the nearest tenth- this is your weighted GPA. Pro tip: you can't simply add each individual year's GPAs together and divide by 4 because you may have taken a different number of classes each year. Sorted-classes shortcut method If you've already done an unweighted GPA calculation, then this method is for you: #1: First, count separately the number of standard classes, honors classes, andAP classes that you've taken. #2: Next, add yourunweighted converted gradesum+(.5*number of honors classes) + number of AP classes. This is your weighted sum. #3: Finally, divide the weighted sum by the total number of classes you've taken. Step Calculation Let's gothrough an example of how this works in practice bycalculating the weighted GPA of spymaster aliasJane Doe. We will be calculating the GPA Jane submits on her college applications, so we will leave off her senior year grades. Note that on hertranscript, classes marked with a â€Å"+† are honors classes, and those marked with an â€Å"a† are AP classes. First let’s convert her grades. I will convert them into weighted and unweighted format so you can see the difference: 9th grade 10th grade th grade Unweight. Weight. Unweight. Weight. Unweight. Weight. 3.0 4.0 3.3 3.8 3.3 4.3 3.7 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.8 4.0 5.0 3.3 3.8 3.7 4.7 4.0 5.0 Total 17.0 18.5 17.3 19.3 18.6 22.1 Honors classes 2 2 1 AP classes 0 1 3 Total number of classes 6 6 6 Boy, Jane really stepped up her game junior year! Nicely done. Class-by-class method: Sum of weighted scores=59.4 Number of classes taken = 15 Jane'sweighted GPA =59.4 / 15 = 4.0 Sorted-classes method: Sum of unweighted scores = 52.9 Number of honors classes = 5 Number of AP classes = 4 Number of classes taken = 15 Weighted sum = 52.9 + (.5 * 5) + 4 = 59.4 Jane's weighted GPA = 59.4 / 15 = 4.0 What’s Next? Now that you've gone through our weighted GPA calculator, check whether Jane was right to go all out academically junior year by learning which year of high school is the most important for your college applications. Let us help you figure out the pros and cons of weighted and unweighted GPAs with our comprehensive explanation. Explore what a good or bad GPA score is, and how you compare to the average high school student. Get the scoop on whether colleges use weighted or unweighted GPAs when assessing your application. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Globalisation Friendly Policies of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Globalisation Friendly Policies of China - Essay Example The economic part of globalization is the key because with the whole world becoming a kind of global village, barriers between the countries are broken with integration happening mainly in the economic aspects. So, Globalisation has made an impact and developing majority of the countries all over the world including China. That is, countries like China are following many ‘globalisation friendly’ policies, thereby developing themselves, and to show they are developing, they, in turn, are impacting other countries through that development. When one closely looks at the annals of many countries, it will be clear that for a nation to develop and reach the top echelons, particularly in the aspect of giving its people the needed facilities and also to achieve superiority over other nations, its economy should be very strong and still growing. This economic strength will elevate the country in other aspects of military strength, space power, sports, etc, etc, thereby impacting other countries. As any country’s economy cannot exist like an island insulated from any impacts, its growth or lack of growth will surely have an impact on many countries both in the positive as well as in the negative direction. So, this paper will examine how China has developed optimally through ‘globalisation friendly’ policies, and how that development is visible in the way the Chinese economy and its people have developed, and also how this development of China is turning out to be an economic challenge to the United States and Europe. For a long time, China mainly depended on agriculture for its economic generation as well as for the livelihood of its people. However, after the onset of globalization, China started to focus on industrial growth.  

Arguments For or Against the Existence of God Essay

Arguments For or Against the Existence of God - Essay Example Mainly, the argument is based on induction. It begins with Aquinas believing that there is an order of â€Å"efficient causes† in this world (Reichenbach, 2012). This means that causality exists in this world and that this causality has a particular order, where one thing causes another and this caused thing also causes another thing. Aquinas then proceeds by assuming that nothing can cause itself because it would be impossible for it to be prior to itself. This then leads Aquinas to think that everything is caused by another thing other than itself (Reichenbach, 2012). This part of the argument is rather self-explanatory but Aquinas makes it clear to his audience that causality works and that the law of causality exempts nothing. He also makes it clear that in this series of causes, it is impossible for one event to cause itself, or for one thing to cause its own existence. Aquinas is doing this while at the same time leading his reader to believe that there must be one cause that first caused all these series of causes but that this cause itself was not caused by any other cause. He does this while somehow postulating that only God can cause Itself to exist. Moreover, the significance of this particular assumption is that if one thing can cause itself, then there would not be any first cause, for if one thing could cause itself, then there would not be any need for this first cause to cause the event next to it. In short, if a cause could cause itself, then each cause could be independent of each other and there would be no series. Aquinas then assumes and states that in matters of efficient cause, it is not possible to go to infinity (Reichenbach, 2012). The purpose of this part of the argument is to convince the reader that there must have been a definite beginning to this series of causes. Otherwise, if this series of causes went on to infinity, then there would not be any first cause but only an endless series of causes. However, without giving any proof or any other insight, Aquinas somehow just considers this assumption on the absence of infinity a priori, and expects his audience to simply just accept this. What Aquinas has presented instead in order to prove his statement that it is possible to go to infinity with matters of efficient cause is rather an ontological proof. This proof is that, if there were an infinite number of causes, then there would neither be a â€Å"first efficient cause† nor an â€Å"ultimate effect† (Reichenbach, 2012). However, since these two things exist in nature and in reality, then there must not be an infinite series of causes. The last part of the argument is when Aquinas states that it is therefore necessary to admit a â€Å"first efficient cause,† which Aquinas believes everyone would call God. In summary, therefore, the argument of Aquinas, therefore, is that causality exists and that one thing causes another but cannot cause itself. This is to discount the possibilit y that an event is dependent on its own cause and is therefore independent of adjacent causes. Moreover, Aquinas assumes that it would not be possible for a series of causes to go on infinity, and he does this for the same reason that he assumes that one thing cannot cause itself. He then also proves ontologically that if there were an

IT WORKFORCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT WORKFORCE - Essay Example Thus, adversely affecting the business The paper B1 talked about the ethical issue of whether an IT officer should access and read his colleagues and companys private information just because he is the one managing the network? Such an issue is a major concern to the business and its other employees as it needs to know that it has entrusted its information and that of its other employees to a morally responsible IT personnel. The company, therefore, decides to draw up an ethical policy to regulate the operations of the IT officer and to ensure the security of the clients, employees and companys information. The company will thus hold liable the person who breaks the privacy rules of any of its parties. The overall goal of setting up the privacy policy is for the company to create an environment of trust and security. Such an environment creates an atmosphere of reassurance to the parties involved because they know that any person who breaks such a rule is held responsible. The policy will thus serve as a guide to IT officers conduct within the business premises. "Effective ethics is a team effort involving the participation and support of every Company employee" (Institute, 2014). All employees have an obligation to know the ethics Privacy guidelines set by the company. A security scope defines who has a right to access what information within an organization. The ethical privacy policy applies to all the parties involved in the operations and actualization of the business goals. The IT officers the primary party affected by this policy, and who should adhere to this policy. The employees, management, and other consultants are secondary parties. They should also adhere to this policy by ensuring they do not interfere in any way with the companys network settings, either by hacking the business security system or by using the network to access information on their colleagues or companys computers. c. The IT

Trickster Tale Essay Example for Free

Trickster Tale Essay In ancient India, there used too live a Bengal tiger in the jungle of Sundarban. He was the king of the jungle. He was very cruel and used to treat his animals harshly. Once he ordered that he would not go for hunting and assigned duties to animals to provide him large quantities of hunted meat bring hunting meat on daily basis. One day, it was the turn of one rabbits, Harry, to bring hunted meat for him. He was very disappointed when his fellow, John, met him in the way. John was blessed with certain supernatural power, the power of prophesy and to see the past events. He was very sharp minded also. Due to his excessive pride in his supernatural powers and intelligence, he desired to become the king of the jungle. He used to intermingle with other animals at parties occasionally and used to propagandize against king. But his desire only remained a dream. John saw Harry as worried and gloomy. He asked the cause of his gloominess. Harry replied; ‘em! Nothing’, ‘Then why are you worried’, said John. ‘Hoon, but you can not help me’. John insisted and Harry told, â€Å"I have to hunt for king today but being a meager creature, I can not hunt an animal to provide meat to the king.†   John mocked him and said ironically, â€Å"Kill hundred thousands of ants and insects, make mince meat of them and provide that to the king. Ask him that you killed an elephant for him†. Harry started moving when John said, â€Å"Listen†¦I have an idea.† Harry turned and John said, â€Å"Leave the matter to me and I will go to the king in your place. Go and hide yourself somewhere.† They leave and John went to the King empty-handed. When King enquired what he has brought for him. He started weeping and crying. King thought that due to his little stature, he was unable to hunt. King started laughing at him and said, â€Å"Not to get worry†¦Not to get worry†¦.I am going to have your own meat for my dinner†. Harry stopped weeping and said to King, â€Å"I killed a 2000 KG elephant for you but transportation was a problem. And when I arranged that, another Lion came in the way and warned me that it is for him. I was left with no option †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..I came empty handed.† King became furious at this and asked him to lead that way. John led the king to the well and asked him that other lion lived in this well. When King looked down in the well, he saw his own reflection in the water of the well. He took it as the other lion. As he was furious, he jumped into the well and drowned. He started shouting aloud. When other animals gathered around him, He said that Harry has thrown king into the well and has escaped. He further informed that while King was taking his last breathe, he appointed him the new king. By using his supernatural power, he showed animals where Harry was hiding. Furious animals went there and killed Harry without seeking explanation. John was appointed king. Although his lust for power and wealth was unlimited but he did not harmed his animals. He served his animals by using his intelligence and supernatural powers. One day, Powell, a donkey came to him and asked that his daughter was missing. John used his prophetic powers to know the location of his daughter. He found that Powell’s daughter has been abducted by neighboring jungle kingdom. This provided him to prepare his people against that kingdom. His real motive was not to get free Powell’s daughter but to capture the wealth of that kingdom. He attacked with full force. Kings of the neighboring jungle was quite of the greediness of John. So he prepared a deep ditch and covered with a jewels and gold. When John saw abundance of wealth, he jumped over it and was thrown into the ditch. Armed animals bruised him with their arms. When he was taking his breathe, he realized that positions gained through wrong means had no permanence and greed only brings misfortune.

Alaina, A Career Counseling Study Essay -- Career Counseling Case Stud

Issues and Problem Focus The key problems and needs which Aliana should address is why the other careers she choose before have not made her happy. She has tired her hand at English and Education in her past careers. I would question why she chose these careers to begin with. I would also explore why she has never used her minor in Journalism in her career and if she would like to put effort into that career path. In using the O*NET Interest Profiler we can explore why she might have chosen these careers and what careers she should really explore based on her scores. Alaina has chronic depression which can affect how she feels from day to day. Her medication helps keep her moods stable, but she is not able to have real joy about anything. This can affect how she views in occupations and how she performs in that job. This can also affect the counseling relationship in the way that the counselor will have a difficult time trying to gauge if she likes the career choices that have been chosen and if the counselor is going in the right direction for this client. Her mood disorder can crate career indecision that makes her unable to commit to a specific career. To address the career indecision she is feeling I will be â€Å"using techniques common to career development and life-planning interventions such as facilitating the discovery of skills, interests, abilities, and values and teaching the client goal setting, world- of work information, and, again, decision making skills† (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012, P.408), In using the O*NET Interest Pr ofiler we can gain information that can sooth of that indecisiveness by showing her careers she could like based on what she likes and has knowledge of. Her chronic depression could limit the typ... ...e her obstacles, feelings, and influence in her career selection. In doing so I can see her scores and how they are used on a profile sheet in career adaption. I would present these results to the client to show how she adapts to a career and how this influences her selections. Works Cited Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2012). Career counseling: Foundations, perspectives, and applications. (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Maze, M. (2010, March 01). ACA advocacy competencies: A social justice framework for counselors Career Convergence Magazine, Retrieved on April 5th, 2014, from http://www.ncda.org/aws/NCDA/pt/sd/news_article/27983/_PARENT/layout_details_cc/false Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods.(3rd ed).Thousand Oaks, Califorinia : Sage Publications, Inc . Retrieved on May 10th, 2014, From http://books.google.com